Computer abbreviations

 

A

• AC3: equal to Dolby Digital; encoding for 6 sound.
• AC97: The AC97 (Audio Codec 1997) specification defines a high quality audio architecture which should advance the migration to digital audio while maintaining support for analog interconnects for backward compatibility; see http://www.intel.com.
• ADSL: Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line, technology for high speed data transmission over ordinary telephone (8 Mbps).
• Adware: software that displays advertisements.
• AES: Advanced Encryption Standard, also known as Rijndael algorithm, for versleuten of. b.v. Zip files, is also used in WPA2.
• AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port, specific data channel for graphics information, four times faster than PCI.
• AGP-Pro: AGP with additional connectors for power signals,.
• AGP2X = AGP bus speed with 2x.
• AGP4X = 4x ​​AGP bus speed (as originally intended).
• AT: Advanced Technology, indication of IBM for a 16-bit computer.
• ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment (also known as IDE); standard for the connection between mainboard and hard disk.

 

B

• Bandwidth: difference between the highest and last frequencies which is available to a signal; o.a. determines the throughput of a network
• Bit: binairy digit, kleinste data-element in the Infomatica, the value can 0 of 1 to have
• Blu-ray Disc: DVD standard designed for digital television, works with blue laser, storage 23 GB; not compatible with other DVD standards; See PCM Apr 02
• Byte: 8 bits, data is typically processed in bytes, 256 values
• BSB: Backside bus; communication between level 2 caching cpu

 

C

• Cache: memory between RAM and processor, accelerate common tasks, storing Laast used programs and recently used web pages also. NOTE, volatile memory, is thus emptied when steam is lost.
• CAS latency: Common Access Strobe-latency; indicates how quickly from one memory location to another can be switched (in memory chips).
• CD-ROM: Compact Disc Read Only Memory; compact disc with computer files.
• Cookie: data from a web-site (temporarily) is placed on your computer.
• CPU: Central processing unit; the heart of the computer.

 

D

• GDR: Double Data Rate, at SDRAM, Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM, may send 2x per clock cycle data, on the rising edge and the falling edge.
• DDR2, DDR-2: Double Data Rate version 2, successor to DDR, combines two DDR modules, lower power consumption and higher performance.
• GDR3: Memory, successor to DDR2.
• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, IETF protocol of computers in order to provide automatic IP address, (RFC 2131)
• DMA: Direct Memory Access; technique in which peripherals can directly access the memory (in addition to the CPU).
• DOS: Disk Operating System, b.v. MSDOS, PCDOS.
• DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory, memory chip in which the contents must be re-refreshed every few milliseconds, inexpensive and simple to produce.
• Driver: driver for a device.
• DVD: Digital Versatile Disc (voorheen Digital Video Disc).
• DVI: Digital Visual Interface, specification for digital video, successor to VGA.

 

And

• E-mail (email): Electronic mail, mail sent over the internet or intranet.
• e-sata: Extended sata, faster version of SATA.
• ECC: Error Correction Code, advanced error correction in memory.
• EDRAM: Extended Dynamic Random Access memory, combination of DRAM and SRAM.
• EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programable Read-Only Memory, memory used only to read but which can also be erased and described.
• Encryption: encrypting data.
• EOF: End-of-File
• EPROM: Erasable Programable Read-Only Memory, memory that is used only for reading but can also be erased with ultraviolet light and described.
• eSata: External Sata; SATA connector for external hard drive; 1500 Mb/s; See PCM Jun 06.

 

 

F

• FAT: File Allocation Table, structure in which the classification of a hard disk is kept.
• FAT32: 32-bit version of FAT.
• Firewall: system to prevent unauthorized access to a network.
• factory-installed software on a device.
• Freeware: software that can be used for free.
• FSB: Front Side Bus, system Intel, is the connection between the CPU and the Northbridge in PC architecture since the introduction of the PCI bus. Simply put, the FSB (physically present) data bus all electronic signals from the processor (CPU) let the rest of the PC 'flow'. The bandwidth of the front side bus is of great importance for the speed at which the computer can function.
• FTP: File Transfer Protocol, command-driven file sharing, first version 1971 (RFC 114), standard in RFC 454 (1973); RFC 765 contains specifications for FTP TCP, current version RFC 959.

 

G

• Gateway: device that connects two networks with each other, as well: program that controls the exchange of data between two networks; for comparison: gateway is an intelligent router.
• GB: GigaByte, 1 billion bytes.
• GBps: Gigabytes per seconds.
• Gigabit: network with speed 1000 Mbit/s.
• GPU: Graphics Processing Unit, chip for graphics operations.
• GUI: Graphical User Interface.

 

H

• Hardware: equipment, the tangible computer of a.
• HDD: hard disk drive, hard disk of a computer.
• HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface; technique for the transport of both digital video- as audio signals.
• Home page: home page of a site.
• HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, exchange language for WWW documents are written.
• HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol, protocol for exchange of WWW documents on the Internet.
• Hyper-threading, Hyperthreading: Intel technique whereby one physical processor itself before as two virtual processors.
• Hyperlink: link to another web page.

I-K

• I / O: Input / Output, usually the name for connections to a computer.
• IC: Integrated Circuit, electronic circuitry in a compact body.
• ICT: Information- and Communication.
• ID: Identification code or key.
• IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics, type of control on hard disks where the control electronics built into the hard disk.
• IEEE 1394: I / O port with speed up to 400 Mb/s (now also versions up 3.2 Gb/s); known as FireWire (Apple), Link (Sony) Lynx (Texas Instruments); Cables are available with 4 contacts 6 contacts (with power supply 9 … 30 Was).
• IEEE 802.11a: wireless personal area network standard, 54 Mbit/s, operates on 5 GHz, bereik as 20 m.
• IEEE 802.11b: wireless personal area network standard, 11 Mbit/s, operates on 2,5 GHz, bereik as 100 m (in practice: 30 m), used by AirPort, may interfere with the Bluetooth, wider scope, but more power than Bluetooth.
• IEEE 802.11e: wireless personal area network standard, makes use of time-dependent QoS for multimedia applications.
• IEEE 802.11g: wireless personal area network standard, 54 Mbit/s, operates on 2,5 GHz, bereik as 100 m, backward compatible with 802.11b.
• IEEE 802.11h: wireless personal area network standard, adjustment 802.11a for use in Europe.
• IEEE 802.11i: wireless personal area network standard, uses TKIP encryption.
• IEEE 802.11n: standard for wireless personal area network, 100 Mbit/s (now possible to 300 Mbit / s).
• IEEE 802.11s: standard for wireless networks, especially for VOIP; ensures voice calls are not broken up by other traffic.
• IEEE 802.16: standard for wireless networks, also called WiMAX; delivers two-way wireless access at a range of up to 30 miles.
• IEEE 802.3:
• IEEE 802.3a: Power over Ethernet.
• IEEE 802.4: token passing bus.
• IEEE 802.5: token passing ring.
• IEEE P1901: standard describes future powerline technologies.
• IEEE488, IEEE 488: Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation, standard for controlling electronic devices.
• IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol, email protocol where incoming messages on the server of the ISP can be stored and managed.
• IP: Internet Protocol.
• IPv4: Internet Protocol version 4, as used from the years 90.
• IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6, makes use of 128 bit addressing.
• JavaScript: Client-Side scripting language, developed by Sun and Netscape.
• Keylogger: program that is piped all keystrokes.

 

L

• L1 Cache: Level 1 cache, direct cache of the processor core.
• L2 Cache: Level 2 cache, between L1 cache memory and RAM; faster than RAM, but slower than the processor.
• L3 Cache: Level 3 cache, memory between L2 cache and RAM; faster than RAM but slower than L2 cache.
• LAN-party: contest where gamers come together, Jun connect computers on a network and play.
• Latency: in memory: number of clock cycles that memory is needed to carry out data; with interface: time that a system is required to give a reaction.
• LBA: Logical Block Addressing; Technique for Enhanced IDE drives larger than 528 MB to be able to use on a PC.
• LCD: Liquid Cristal Display, display based on liquid crystals, flat and energy-efficient.

 

M

 

• MB: Megabytes, such as 1 million bytes.
• MBR: Master Boot Record, first sector of a hard drive.
• MOBO(Motherboard): central electronics to the system on which other circuits can be connected.
• Multiprocessing: a quantity of processors linked to each other and at the same time that may be associated to one or more tasks work, allows for more efficient use of computer capacity.
• MAC address: Media Access Control, a unique identification number assigned to a device on an Ethernet network.

 

 

N-Q

• NAS: Network Attached Storage, network storage, hard disk with ethernet connection.
• NAT: Network Address Translation, provision for more computers 1 Using IP address.
• NETBIOS: network bios IBM, interface between the session layer and performance layer in the OSI model.
• Network: coupling more computers.
• OEM: Original Equipment Manufactorer, indicates that the provider provides a brand-name product from another supplier, concerns sometimes stripped down versions.
• P2P = Peer-to-Peer, network without a central server; as well: connection between 2 computers via internet
• Partition = Logical drive; a physical hard disk can be divided into multiple partitions
• ALSO: Port Address Translation; port mapping for inbound ports for local IP addresses.
• PATA: Parallel ATA.
• Patch: piece of software that fixes a bug in a program.
• PC: Personal Computer, originally intended for use by one person.
• PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect, busstruktuur Intel to link various PC components directly to the processor.
• PCI Express: standard for expansion cards for e.g.. notebook; 2,5 Gbit/s; kleiner and PC Cards; replaces PC Cards.
• PCI Express X16: standard interface with graphics card; doubling bandwidth compared to AGP.
• POP3: Post Office Protocol, e-mail protocol which incoming messages are moved directly from your ISP to your own computer.
• POST: Power On Self Test, provision of BIOS to test computer hardware errors at startup.
• PROM: Programable Read-Only Memory, memory that can be written once and then read only.

 

 

R

• RAID: Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, battery hard disks to store secure data.
• RAM: Random Access Memory, memory which can be written in and read.
• ROM: Read Only Memory, memory which can be read only.
• Router: interface between two networks, makes it possible to exchange data with other network from.

 

With-In

• S/P DIF: Sony/Pgilips Digital Interface; standard connection to transmit sound information from one device to another, without converting analog-to-digital or vice versa.
• SAN: Storage Area Network, system consisting of a lot of hard drives and an intelligent controller, usually through special fast connection connected to server.
• Sata II, Sata-2: set extensions to Sata; o.a. dynamic rotational speed of the disk and NCQ for higher performance with multithreading; speed 3 Gbit/s .
• SATA SATA / 150: Serial ATA, serial version of the ATA, works with 4-conductor cable, speed 150 MB/s (similar to UDMA / 100).
• Hours / 300: faster version of SATA / 150, speed 300 MB/s.
• SCSI = Small Computer System Interface; connection for multiple devices (hard drive, e.d) on a computer.
• TB :Terabyte, such as 1 trillion bytes.
• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, network protocol for Unix computers, now widely used for internet.
• Ultra DMA, UltraDMA: Ultra Direct Memory Access, also referred to as ATA-4, standard for connecting hard disk on the system bus, 33 MHz/s, 2 x Sneller and E-IDE.
• URL: Universal Resource Locator, the internet address of a web-page.
• USB: Universal Serial Bus, high speed replacement for serial and parallel ports; for printers, scanners, Keyboards, etc.
• UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair; unshielded network.

 

 

V-Z

Virus: kwaadbedoelend program that piggybacked with another program.

VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network; part of network in which users can communicate; but no link to another VLAN in same network; each VLAN must have its own file server.

WAN: Wide Area network; world- or region-spanning computer; often a sequence of LANs.

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol, standard for mobile data communication with internet.

WAV: Extension for Windows wavetable sound.

Web: World Wide Web, HTTP files on the Internet.

WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy, data encryption, defined by the 802.11 standard to prevent access to the network by “intruders” using similar wireless LAN equipment and capture of wireless LAN traffic through eavesdropping; not waterproof according Airsnor.

Wi-Fi, WiFi: Wireless Fidelity, standard for exchanging data with IEEE 802.11b High Rate WLAN equipment , 10 times faster than BlueTooth, reach 100 m.

WPA: WiFi Protected Access, Security for Wireless Networks, successor of WEP, uses TKIP, MIC, EAP, PSK.

WPA2: Wireless Protected Access 2 (802.11i), security protocol for wireless networks; has the same basic structure as WPA but relies on AES encryption terms.

x64: indication for computer with 64-bit architecture, in comparison with x86 (32-bits).

x86: designation for i86 computer with Intel-architecture, 32-bits, compared to x64.

XT: extended technology

ZIP: file format for compressed files.